I've talked to companies doing interesting work in machine learning, bioinformatics, robotics and even type systems (I haven't seen any interesting work with type systems at big companies at all).
I talked to somebody from the Ashima group[1] about their gloc prsoject which they just released a version of. Having thought about it, I suspect there are some other companies working on it as well, like maybe Typesafe.
What start-up is doing work in type theory?