Wikipedia indirectly hints that the "Butlerian Jihad" in Frank Herbert's science fiction novel Dune might have been named after this Samuel Butler [1].
Then I also found some websites [2,3] that suggest the name would have come from Franklin Butler, who worked in a movement to cancel the building of a proposed R.H. Thomson Expressway through Seattle, in late 1960s and 1970s. But this timeline doesn't match: Dune was already published in 1965.
Butler also wrote the book Erewhon, online at Project Gutenberg: https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/1906
For some reason the essay and Butler both evoke John Rushkin and Unto This Last to me, though that may be spurious on my part.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unto_This_Last