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Zero rupee note (2015) (karthika2006.wordpress.com)
302 points by PaulHoule on March 7, 2022 | hide | past | favorite | 263 comments



I experienced corruption and had to bribe an officer. This was more than 20 years ago. I hope you find my tale interesting as an example how bribery is executed exactly, even if you are clueless like me.

I was in Romania to watch the solar eclipse of there. Then we started our itinary back home. About one kilometer before the border to Hungary we were stopped by the police. It was very flat and the road very straight. We already could see the border post in the distance. The officer seemed friendly and beckoned me to get out of the car. I got off and he wanted to look at the trunk. I opened it and I showed him our gear, two tents, sleeping bags, clothes, some food and it took the time. He was very friendly, like an older uncle of you. He wanted to look at our papers again and when I passed him my passport he made a gesture, he put the flat hand between two pages.

After some time I suddenly realized that he wanted to be bribed. Duh!

Then I said, sorry no more Romanian Lei, but we have Hungarian Forint, and he nodded eagerly. So I said, just a moment please and took back my passport then I did some calculation in my head. I decided to give him $20 worth in Forint and put the notes in the passport and gave him the passport back. He was happy and gestured that we can continue.

Just to know, this was only two years after the fall of Ceausescu.

We drove away. Slowly just to give him the feeling that he has the situation in control.

We expected to wait about 15 minutes at the border post, as it already happened when we entered Romania. But when we slowly cruised to the post, another officer appeared and beckoned us through. We overtook about four cars.

I didn't plan to but we got VIP treatment.

Today I think I shouldn't have bribed the officer. However I was completely clueless and I had a good rapport with the officer and I just wanted to help him and us. I still don't know what I should have done.


You (unfortunately) did the right thing and this is (unfortunately) still common in several Eastern European countries (and elsewhere for example certain areas in India and LATAM) especially outside the central areas. I actively avoid trips/routes that take me through areas where bribing is necessary.

As for "what happens if I refuse" - in anecdotal experience:

- I've seen friends arrested/detained until they paid up (happened 3-4 times).

- I've seen officials attempting to take a bribe "give up" when we acted confused (1-2 times).

- I've seen officials invent very creative excuses about a "EU tax" or "foreigner tax" or "special foreigner tickets".

I want to say this is amusing but honestly the situation is always terrifying and unclear and I actively avoid places with corruption when picking my tourist destinations.


Tangentially related, but "what happens if I refuse" is a thing with US tipping culture as well. I was at a bar once during a conference, I didn't realize you're supposed to tip the waitress at every drink you order. That was not ideal.

I mean on the one side I'm cringing with embarrassment, on the other... the fuck?


Could we understand tips as a lesser form of corruption?

I mean, the root cause is similar: low wages incentives the official/waiter to ask for more money directly to a citizen/client, or else.

There's no tips where I'm from, so tips have always been strange and unecessary to me.

Genuinely wondering. I have no fixed opinion.

Edit to add: also a root cause is that both practices are generally accepted in some areas.


It's not corruption, unless you consider the whole wage system for restaurant staff in the US to be corrupt. And as tips are paid at the end of service, the waiter doesn't know if you'll tip well or not while serving you.

Today, tips are paid because wait staff are paid below minimum wage. This is legal - as tipping is baked into their compensation. It's stupid and anachronistic, but it's not the fault of the staff (though GOOD waiters will often express support for the system because they fear going to fixed wage w/ zero tipping will reduce their income).

I'd much prefer a living wage with optional tips for extraordinary service (which seems to be the norm in much of western Europe). Here in the US, 20% gratuity is pretty much expected. And FWIW, I'll pay 25-30% for good service, and to get less than 20%, a waiter would have to be downright awful.


And as tips are paid at the end of service, the waiter doesn't know if you'll tip well or not while serving you.

At bars on the other hand the 'corruption' is much clearer. Tip badly for a round of drinks and you'll get slow/bad service for the rest of the evening. Tip well and you'll get priority service and perhaps even free booze. Especially with spirits and mixed drinks the corruption is obvious. Tip well and the bartender will pour you a double while charging you for a single, essentially 'stealing' from his employer and selling you the stolen goods at a discount under the table.


*At a discount relative to the insane markup spirits have at a typical bar.

It's not totally implausible that the owner is fully aware of the situation and accepts the status quo as a local maximum of profitability, why mess with standing social norms -- much how most restauraunteurs in the states wouldn't dream of paying a living wage for their wait staff because they know customers are going to tip sufficiently regardless of wages and that enough potential employees are fine with the situation (or prefer it) that they won't have staffing issues.


If you're going to pay by credit anyway, you can usually open a tab when you start, and then pay all at once at the end. That's how I've always done it, maybe it's regional?


I've only seen that in local places. Otherwise its too easy to just leave from bigger venues without paying.


The non-local places around the USA will take your card when starting a tab and many automatically add gratuity if you walk out without closing it (unsure if they place credit holds based on each order). At venues like concert arenas you may not see this, but I always suspected it was more due to the logistical challenge arising from people all wanting to leave at the same time.


I took a cruise with a large group of friends once. We all had the drink package and prepaid gratuities, but we tipped extra for all of our drinks at the two bars that were our favorites. For only an extra $0.50/drink, I was getting 2-3x the alcohol and the wait staff would ignore other patrons to go straight to us. It made me feel kind of bad, but the service was outstanding and I knew the money was going to a good cause since many of the workers on these cruise ships send money back home to family.

TLDR: It’s remarkable what tipping and basic human decency can do to the quality of service you receive at a bar.


It’s remarkable what tipping and basic human decency can do

Of course we now need an experiment to disentangle those two variables! One team tips very well, but treats the staff badly , one team treats the staff with plenty of human decency, but doesn't tip. Then we measure the quality of service received by the two groups. I wonder if I can apply for a research grant?


You’re using the technical definition to claim tips as not corruption. And of course we all know that, otherwise it would have been illegal.

The point is, fundamentally the current way tips are collected in the US is like corruption. And like corruption, it should be made illegal.

For those who think people can’t survive without tips, first it is a problem that they are mistreated by their employer, second make it legally binding to mandatory add 20% or whatever to the meal and pass that to the directly (again legally binding).

If you think tips encourage good quality of service, other places without a culture of giving tips have our ways of providing good quality of service. You don’t need tip for that.

I once heard tips people gave, that when checking into hotel rooms, you should hold a 20 dollar notes as hint of tip and then ask them for upgrade. If they do, then you give them the tip. This is bribery, one of the many examples how tip culture can be used in a way indistinguishable to corruption.


Depends on the state, In California they can’t be be paid below minimum wage.


Good point - most states require the pay to be the greater of 1) normal minimum wage OR 2) wait-specific min wage + tips/hour.

So, a waiter should always earn at least minimum wage, but can earn more if tips are good.

However, in practice, there are problems with this system. First, waiters who don't earn lots of tips usually get the bad shifts, then fired. Second, lots of room for wage theft.


And there is a whole bunch of wage theft - you can't forget that wage theft accounts for the most damaging crime by pure value in the US alone. Individual occurrences aren't generally for tons of money, but it happens everywhere.


In no state can a tipped employee be paid below minimum wage. If their base wage plus tips received over hours worked are below the minimum, then the employer is obligated to make up the difference. Of course, not everyone knows this, and I'm sure there are a lot of employers taking advantage of the situation.


The difference is in some states, there's not a different minimum base for tipped employees. So you're always making at least real min wage on your check automatically without having to worry about your boss actually doing the true up like they're supposed to.


Even if you know it, what are you going to do? Likely you can't afford a lawyer, and you definitely can't afford to leave your job to sue, since so many benefits in the US are tied to being employed. Employers know this...


Get another job and then sue before leaving your current one?


Presumably they can be fired if they routinely make below minimum wage in tips though.


With the Shopping-as-a-service going crazy during the 2020 height of Covid, the 'tips' were very much corrupted. You had to specify the tip amount when placing the order. How was that ever supposed to work? I was watching one very large order of mine where the shopper supposedly showed up to the store 7 minutes before it closed and started marking each of my items as out of stock. Trip was still completed so the tip was taken. 13 hours on hold to get that taken care of.

In the US, servers can make much more than minimum wage. Cash tips weren't reported for taxes. Reference: dated waitresses


Tipping in the US is a lasting legacy of prohibition. Before then, it was considered anti democratic bribery.


With a server, you exchange money for goods & services. Tipping makes the exchange a little weird and tax laws built around the practice can be complex. But it's still fundamentally a "normal" purchase. Not corruption.

With a government agent, you are not necessarily supposed to be paying them. Typical bribes are dependent upon an implicit threat of abuse of power rather than being a normal purchase of goods & services.

Tips are not a "lesser form of corruption". Unless you were somehow buying something with that tip that would otherwise be off-limits but in that case I think people would call it a bribe.


I interpreted the assertion there as being that you're bribing them for better service, and an argument that this is "corrupt" because there is a belief that the service should be provided at a single price that is known to everyone, with equal quality to anyone who is willing to pay it, as opposed to favoring customers who pay extra.

That said, it's up for debate whether this is a valid expectation either in the context of public services provided by the government, engagements with private parties, or both.


Indeed. However with language sophistry it can be justified as low wages in service industry. I of course do not visit restaurants and bars. It helps that good people on social media have advised that stingy/no-tippers must not go to restaurants or bars etc. If they still do so at-least appreciate if waiter spits into their food before serving.


> I of course do not visit restaurants and bars

Of course.


Tipping is almost the opposite of police corruption.

The idea behind tipping is that the wait staff will do a better job if part of their salary depends on impressing the customer. How well this actually works is a different conversation.

With police corruption they are purposely doing a bad job to get the bribe, and getting the bribe encourages them to keep doing a bad job.

I wish wait staff were paid better, or atleast got an automatic gratuity everywhere, then we wouldn't need tips.


It's not quite the same thing, but retaliation against people who don't tip well is very much a thing. Since tipping is at the end of the interaction, it doesn't really come up except for repeat customers.. but not tipping when you're a regular is a good way to get your food spat in.

I'm American, I grudgingly accept that tipping is how things are done and not tipping would be unfair to wait staff, but even before COVID I was mostly choosing restaurants that don't have table service just to avoid the 20% tip tax.


Yes.

I am not sure why only car sales guys get bad rap when restaurants always looking to hide true cost to customers in advertisements.


I don't mind paying the tip, in fact I regularly over tip. I have never felt bad for tipping too much. What I don't like is having to spend any mental energy at all deciding how much to tip. With restaurants it's at least a known amount, with other professions who knows how much you're supposed to tip? I don't want to google how much to tip, just change me more, and pay them more.


In theory this is true. In practice... I don't know. Lots of countries have fairly decent service quality without a strong tipping culture.

Edit: OK, there is one big difference: tipping is encouraged by the employer while bribery is not.


yeah, I think there was a study a while back that said most people tip the same regardless of the quality of service. Which is why I said "How well this actually works is a different conversation"


Small sample, but my dining experience is typically equivalent between Europe and the US (when comparing like-to-like for restaurant quality). The biggest difference seems to be chain dining in the US, where you get the phony "how you doing?" every 5 minutes, which I find annoying. Maybe some people consider this good service? I'd prefer to be left alone until I'm obviously in need of something (glass almost empty, offer me a refill, no need to ask when the glass is 70% full, etc).


"How were those first few bites?"


From a marxist perspective tipping is a scam in order to get cheaper labor. The employer underpays the worker and imposes an extra tax on the customer to fill the gap. This way the employer offsets their risk onto the worker when business is low while still keeping high profits when business is good.

If tipping is a form of a corruption, it is the boss—which neither gives nor receives the tip—who is the corrupt one.


As a non-US person I've refused to tip in the US (well, left an explicit 0.10$ tip so they know I didn't forget) when getting really bad service before. While it was probably considered rude I have never had the wait-staff chase me like I was promised by some travel sites.

I would never try that sort of thing with an officer attempting to solicit a bribe though :]


> never had the wait-staff chase me

I have. I went to a Chinese buffet in Raleigh, North Carolina, with my family. We finished eating, went to the cashier and paid, then we left.

As we were getting into our car the 'waiter' who had sloshed lemonade into out glasses ran up loudly complaining that we hadn't left him a tip. Why such people should be tipped is beyond me.

Anyway, I further insulted him by handing him a single dollar bill, with a smile.


I left a $10 tip at a Chinese buffet I frequented in Finland to a friendly waiter. They insisted it covered payment for my next lunch. Finland doesn't have strong tipping culture, but it still felt strange for a restaurant to outright refuse a tip, especially a foreign one :D


Offering a tip can even be considered offensive. Something along the lines of "You normally do a very poor job, can I bribe you to at least try this time?"


Your point stands about tips being considered offensive, but isn't avoiding that rationale part of why tips almost always follow the service in question? I understood one possible reason being that people want their (hopefully diligent and appropriately generous) service to be seen as the default, rather than something worthy of an additional reward for any special treatment.


> Why such people should be tipped is beyond me.

Because that person is paid $2.50/hr for their work.

If you don't want to tip, you should boycott the restaurant until they implement a fair wage policy.


> Because that person is paid $2.50/hr for their work.

This is an illegal wage according to federal minimum wage laws. I can't imagine the GP commenter should be responsible for labor law violations beyond reporting it to the relevant local agency. Many states go even farther, requiring the same minimum wage (excluding tips) even for tipped employees, but the federal law already requires minimum wage including tips.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tipped_wage


Meanwhile restaurants can take a lead by putting a big honking notice "NO-TIPPERS ARE NOT WELCOME!" or some such clear message to customers.

Unlike boycott this way customers are given ample chance to behave even if they are not local and visiting first time.


FYI that reads as extremely rude and uncaring to me as a US person, to the point where if you kept doing it I wouldn't be comfortable being friends with you.

Unless by bad service you mean something like spitting in your food or calling you a slur, you should just consider a 15% tip a part of bill for anything where you sit down and have food brought to you. 20-25% for good service.


Tipping culture in the US is very weird. I would rather have the prices be 15% higher, and not tip. Otherwise, where does it stop? Do you tip bus drivers? Nurses and doctors? What about teachers? Why not tip at the grocery store? Perhaps you should leave 15% of the flight ticket as a tip to flight attendants?

People should get paid decently, and not rely on tips to make a living.


It really is weird. I arrived at a hotel with a small bag. I checked in to the hotel and tried to carry my bag to my room. A staff member was all awkward and kind of took the bag off me to carry it 10 steps to the lift then 10 steps to the room. They then walked into room and wouldn’t leave until I realised it was about the tip.

It’s basically a standover extortion at that point.


I think most of us would prefer that.

Unfortunately the US has a tipping culture enshrined in law. So businesses can legally pay their employees who may potentially receive tips far below minimum wage.


Not all states have a different tipped wage. I am from one of the states that doesn't have a different tipped wage. Servers get paid at least the state minimum with many making at least $15/hr. However, due to the majority of the country having tipped wages we are still expected to tip 15-25%.

People cant separate the cultural expectation of tipping from the reason the expectation exists. I find it mildly infuriating that the reason tipping exists isn't even present in my state but I am still expected to tip.


Sort of. If they don't make enough in tips to bring their effective pay up to minimum wage, the employer still has to make up up the gap.


As a European - just put it on the bill in the first place.

I will happily give 15-20% tips for great service, but that is a additional and is given freely - not what is to be expected.


Sure, in theory that'd be ideal. In the mean time your refusal to accept the way it works in the country you're visiting only hurts service workers. That's why I said I personally couldn't be the friend of someone who does it.


I genuinely rather avoid any establishment that expects tips than feel obligated to pay tips. It does mean that I will never go to a restaurant or similar establishment, but the feeling of being obligated to pay some unsaid price just disgusts me. Either you say it upfront of there's no deal.


But it is clearly known up front. It's not printed on a sign, but neither is the rule you can't spit at the waitor. Both are clearly socially known.


Some people avoid taking a holiday or business trip to India, because they don't like the constant harassment from street traders, the expectation to barter and bargain for everything, the ever-present concern that they're either overpaying or being ripped off.

Some of these people also avoid travelling to the USA (and Canada) for similar reasons. Am I supposed to tip for this? Is this a $1 tip, or $5, or 15%? But the card terminal is giving a choice of only 20% or 25%... and is it better to leave cash anyway?

(I'm sure you could explain every situation, just like an Indian can explain all the situations in India.)


Barter?

You are describing a Hippie taking a holiday, perhaps.

I am in India and I never bargain, hate the pressure. You never have to bargain unless you are in a known tourist trap places, wanting to buy trinkets.


In my experience (which is a decade out of date for India, admittedly, although the point was more about the USA) being white makes me an obvious tourist, regardless of the situation. Any initial price will be 5-20× higher than an initial price you'd get.

Fixed price markets and services like Uber are a welcome improvement, but there are still plenty of recent articles (mainly blogs) aimed at tourists concerning bargaining in India.

("Hippies" on holiday in most of Europe don't have to bargain.)


> But it is clearly known up front. It's not printed on a sign, but neither is the rule you can't spit at the waitor. Both are clearly socially known.

I've lived in the US all my life, and I'm still confused at when tips are required and when it's just a nice thing to do. Even order-at-the-counter places now ask for a tip (often pre-filled to 15%) at checkout. Are their employees being paid below minimum wage? I don't think so, but they know it's ambiguous enough that they can exploit the weird culture around tips.

Where is the line for when a tip is required? If I pick up my food at the counter but they clean up the tables when I'm done, are those employees making less than minimum wage? If I order at the counter but someone brings me the food? The sit-down restaurant with a dedicated waiter is the easy case, but it's not the only case.

There are a ton of ambiguous edge cases, and many, many restaurants are deliberately exploiting the uncertainty. The whole thing is a mess, and I totally sympathize with Europeans who get confused and just give up.

(Not that it's okay not to tip as long as we have this confusing mess of a wage system. You just can't say that it's an easy social norm to understand and follow.)


> It's not printed on a sign, but neither is the rule you can't spit at the waitor. Both are clearly socially known

What kind of weak-ass restaurant hygiene laws do you have there?


That's true. I guess it would be difficult to avoid places where this obligation exists without knowing about it beforehand.


Then you need to find a different country to hang out in. Much like you would if you felt that covering your genitals was a needless cultural construct that disgusts you.

We live in a society.


We do. And surely we can improve it?


Perhaps. Don’t think you’re improving it by stiffing service workers on tips though.


Tipping culture in the US will never change unless millions of customers suddenly stop paying tips. When millions of customers stop paying tips at the same time if puts the pressure on establishments to start paying their employees fair wages. Customers should go on tip-strike


I don’t tip but also live somewhere with a far better minimum wage.


Not by not tipping the server who can legally be paid less than minimum wage by their employers.


Tipping culture in the US will never change unless millions of customers suddenly stop paying tips. When millions of customers stop paying tips at the same time if puts the pressure on establishments to start paying their employees fair wages. Customers should go on tip-strikes.


That's not correct.

There's no plausible scenario where some sort of mass collective customer driven action requiring coordination is going to be effective.

Tipping culture will change when restaurants change their compensation structure.

A restaurant can commit to paying the team a fair wage, include the costs in the menu pricing, prohibit tipping, and loudly market that it's what they are doing. It's happened in many places and it works. Danny Meyer in NYC seems to be doing pretty well with this plan for example.

Depriving the least powerful people in the whole equation isn't a solution. Lobby the business owners who actually make the decisions.


You're not wrong there. The US is definitely on the list of countries that I don't want to visit. Albeit for other reasons.


Nobody tips at Mcdonalds.


See context of my initial post

> you should just consider a 15% tip a part of bill for anything where you sit down and have food brought to you


No table service at McDonald’s.


Well, we have table service at McDonald's in France. Still no tips :D


nobody cares about table service.


> you should just consider a 15% tip a part of bill for anything

No. If it’s part of the bill, put it on the bill.

It’s even worse if they ask for a tip up front like seriously, what?


The people hurt by your actions are not the ones making the decision you're objecting to. As such, refusing because you think it's morally wrong that American bills are spelled weird is amoral to me.


> are not the ones making the decision you're objecting to

No one is making this as a decision. Restaurant owners that have tried to put in place a no tipping policy have customers tip anyway because Americans are uncomfortable not tipping. They then think, somewhat accurately, the restaurant has high prices. We are stuck with a bad system.


It's not a bad system, per se, but is a poorly documented system.

There should be a note on American menus that says "We underpay our staff, so 15-20% tipping is expected." And European menus should read "We compensate our staff sufficiently, so tipping is not expected."

In reality, both of these are never written out, and everyone is expected to learn them culturally. Which ultimately leaves tourists in an awkward spot.


In France, bills usually say "service compris" which means "service included".

In Britain, bills usually say "Service charge" or "Service is included" [1]

But I think these are exceptions, and I wouldn't expect it in general -- just like it doesn't say "Service included" when I buy a buy shoes in France or Britain, even though the staff usually have to fetch them from the stock room.

[1] https://i.inews.co.uk/content/uploads/2019/01/oh.jpg


> There should be a note on American menus that says "We underpay our staff, so 15-20% tipping is expected."

I was recently in a restaurant that had exactly that. There was a fine print note at the bottom of the menu explaining that because a state law prevented servers from splitting tips with the kitchen staff, a 3% surcharge would be added to the check so that non-tipped staff could "earn a living wage".

https://www.squidlipsgrill.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Sq...


Agreed, except that I think it's poorly document and a bad system.

That's why I started this by saying I'd have an issue with someone who kept not tipping after being informed about the issue.


The bad or not feels arbitrary. It's "different".

But I'd be hard pressed to come up with a reason that "customer -> staff" is objectively better or worse than "customer -> owner -> staff".

Same money, gets to the same place.


* In reality, both of these are never written out, and everyone is expected to learn them culturally. Which ultimately leaves tourists in an awkward spot.*

It does more than confuse tourists, it locks every restaurant into the system whether the owners wish it or not. That’s why I think the “we underpay” with its pejorative tinge is inappropriate.


It's somewhat disturbing that paying someone a reasonable price is a question of morality rather than jurisprudence. If you left establishments in other countries having payed 20% less than was on your bill, it could well be a matter for the police (in practice of course if it was a small absolute amount, perhaps they wouldn't bother the first time you did it...).


Totally agree.

Interestingly, people have been (wrongly) arrested for not paying tips in the US. They were quickly released, but I think that misconception indicates how strong of a norm paying at least something in tips is.


In the short term yes. But that is exactly what the industry and employers rely on.

Long term, tipping just means these employers can compete for labor against other (non-tip) industries forced to pay higher, and without having to reflect that additional cost in their prices to the end customer.

The idea that the employer is the one getting the tip is a myth, and a well bolstered one for obvious reasons.


Er, “employer” should read “employee” in the last paragraph.


Tipping culture in the US will never change unless millions of customers suddenly stop paying tips. When millions of customers stop paying tips at the same time if puts the pressure on establishments to start paying their employees fair wages. Customers should go on tip-strikes.


> The people hurt by your actions are not the ones making the decision you're objecting to

The same thing is true for the sanctions on Russia.

Nonetheless they are the only tool at my disposal.


There's a significant difference between shelling children and charging you an extra 15% for your dinner.


So you mean they have to almost be criminally negligent or abusive to not receive a full tip?


Exactly, because a tip of 15% isn't a nice extra it's a part of the worker's expected wages.

American workers who can't receive tips in practice don't need to be paid the minimum wage, for example. (In theory there's a process to correct if theyre still below it after tips, but in practice that's regularly flouted).


I am genuinely perplexed by your position that failing to give a tip for mediocre service is amoral, yet failing to pay someone a living wage is just kind of expected.

Honestly, American restaurants shouldn't even bother putting prices on the menu. Between the tipping culture and the taxes it's impossible to guess at the true price of an item.


Never said that. I meant to get across that a systemic issue doesn't excuse you making it worse.


People behaving like you distort the market, stop rewarding bad service!

I usually tip generously but bad service deserve a 0.1$ tip. They choosed to work in the restauration industry and they should know that tip is given for good service, so they are suppose to know that if they want the full salary, they should provide some minimally adequate level of service.

If they don't like this they can work in another sector, if the USA is anything like Canada, big boxes shop like Wallmart and BestBuy are hiring in almost every locations. Those place are more apropriate for service worker that don't want to actualy serve the customer.


Tipping a fixed percentage, regardless of the service, is the closest I can get to opting out of this bizarre and unreasonable practice without being an asshole. I am happy to distort a market which should not exist.


I'm sure you ask your employer to dock you a day's worth of pay every day you're not 100% at it.

You wouldn't want to reward bad work now, would you?


This would be resolved if you said just how bad the service was that it received a $0.10 tip


Companies not paying their workers normal wages should be considered criminal. They're just trying to avoid having to pay additional taxes and social security, by paying workers lower salaries. Companies expecting workers to be paid by tips should be fined, and customers should not agree as they're complicit in tax evation if they do.


Well, wouldn't you be thankful if waiter did not stab you with that steak knife on table. You escaped unharmed with just 20% on top of your bill.


> you should just consider a 15% tip a part of bill for anything where you sit down and have food brought to you

It's not that simple. I fully agree that in cases where the establishment is allowed to under-pay, it's our job to tip. But I've lived in the United States all my life, and there are still enough edge cases in the restaurant industry alone to be terribly confusing. That doesn't even get into questions of barkeeps, hotel staff, taxi drivers, and whoever else.

What if I order at the counter, then I sit down and someone brings me the food? Are the employees who bring me that food making less than minimum wage? How do I know one way or the other?

Even more confusingly, order-at-the-counter restaurants have started asking for 15% tips at checkout. I'm relatively confident that they're not building tips into the wage structure, but how can I be sure?

It's definitely not the fault of the workers that this system exists, but it's a horrible, opaque, and confusing way to do business. At a minimum, restaurants should be required to make it explicit when their employees need the tip.


> While it was probably considered rude

It was extraordinarily rude.


But that isn't how it works here. You're effectively saying your principled stand against the "system" (which changes nothing) is more important than making the person who served you get paid non slave wages. You went into an establishment that you knew had cheaper prices because staff works for tips and you didn't tip. That makes you a bad person. Sorry not sorry.


You can't say "you went into an establishment with cheaper prices and knew this was a requirement" when there is no actual choice - it applies everywhere as far as I've seen; it's not like I can pause my business trip to the US and go to another country for lunch.

in that vein, is there a list somewhere of American eateries which pay non-poverty wages and therefore adopt tipping practices which are less morally reprehensible to us foreigners? I'd happily go out of my way when in the US to avoid this particular cultural norm.


Technically, all American restaurants are "an establishment with cheaper prices" for purposes of this discussion.

There are really 3 relevant parties here: the restaurant owner, the restaurant staff, and the customer.

The owners have lobbied for and gotten exceptions to most minimum wage laws, to the effect that they can pay their staff under minimum wage, with tipping making up the difference.

Consequently, if staff receives no tips: the restaurant is required to pay them minimum wage (US$7.25 / hr), or applicable local minimum wage if higher [0].

If staff receives tips, the owner is allowed to pay them a much lower wage (don't remember offhand), with tips making up the difference to meet or exceed minimum wage.

Some of this may be changing due to worker shortages, but restaurant margins are always pretty thin.

Tl;dr - restaurant workers make over minimum wage only if tipped

[0] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Minimum_wage_by_state_b...


I understand how it works; I'm trying to find a "vote with your feet" solution as an alternative to screwing over poorly paid employees by not tipping. The most obvious way to do that is to favour restaurants where tipping is discouraged.


> if staff receives no tips: the restaurant is required to pay them minimum wage

> Tl;dr - restaurant workers make over minimum wage only if tipped

Your tl;dr doesn't match. According to you workers make minimum wage irrespective of whether you tip (unless the owner breaks the law), and all your tips do is directly offset owner costs.


Yeah, but the restaurant industry is well known for breaking the law when it's easy. This makes it much easier. See for example https://consumerist.com/2013/04/05/waiters-sue-employer-for-...


"over"


It doesn't have cheaper prices, it just has misleading marketing. They should be fined for not showing the real prices. If a tip is mandatory there's no real difference from a bribe: you're supposed to pay someone, without it being clearly documented in the price.


You tip when you pay, not per drink order. Most bars allow you to open a tab if you'll be there long enough to order several rounds.

But, if you're paying as you go, then yeah, you'd tip the bartender each order.

You said waitress, which implies table service. That would normally be tipped when you pay at end of evening. I've never been to a bar that requires paying per drink when seated and getting table service.


Ditto, but it sounds like in this case “waitress” may mean “lady bartender” in which case it makes sense.


Could be. Worth noting that in the US, bartenders and wait staff can be on different pay scales and different tipping plans (pooled tips vs not, split with servers/bus staff or not). Doesn't make a big difference in this discussion, only noting it because if you get a drink at the bar, then go to a table, you might want to make sure both parties (bartender, waiter) are tipped.


Got caught by this as well - was actually scolded by the bartender in an Irish-themed pub in NY for not tipping after the third or fourth round. My group literally had no idea that this was a thing.


I'd have been tempted to point out that in Ireland it certainly isn't a thing.


I don't think I've ever seen a "advice for visiting the US" video, page, or pamphlet that didn't include tipping. The only way you couldn't know is if you did zero research before traveling to a foreign country. That's like not knowing you can't jokingly yell "Heil Hitler!" in Germany.


It is not that simple. There are no clear rules on where you tip. You have to live in the area and simply learn it. E.g. you don’t tip at Starbucks, but you do tip at most cafés, you tip you taxi driver but not your bus driver. You don’t tip at the gas station. In an open bar you are still supposed to tip the bartender even if you don’t pay for the drinks, but hardly any guides tell you that. If there is live music sometimes you are supposed to tip them, but you can never tell when.


I've lived in the US all my life and am still confused about when tips are expected and part of the wage structure. Sit-down restaurants with an assigned waiter are the easy part, it's all the other cases that quickly become confusing.

It's not helped by the fact that every order-at-the-counter restaurant now asks for tips as you pay. It's almost to the point where I assume that a tip is needed if and only if I'm not asked for one. No wonder it's confusing to visitors.


Tipping when you pay the bill at a restaurant is well publicised, but when you go to the bar and buy a drink is not.


Just for clarity, It's really when you pay, not every drink. So if you open a tab, then pay at the end, you only tip once. If you're paying cash after every drink, then you're expected to tip every drink.


I've lived in the US my whole life and I have never seen this. Tipping is certainly expected, but, like with restaurant wait staff, typically done when you settle your tab.

There are a couple of exceptions, but only really if you weren't paying for your drinks, like at a casino. In those cases, yes, you should tip per drink.


When I saw "tipping in advance" I thought of Starbucks, though I'm not sure how much that is opportunism and how much it is now an expectation just like a restaurant.


I always just tip once early on, but I make it fat, they’ll remember you.


That works really well in Vegas, I tipped $5 on our first drink and then $1 per drink there after, the drinks are free while you are gambling. Our server made sure to get us another drink before she finally shed her shift and our glasses were never empty. This was about 10 years ago.


Excuse the maybe ignorant question, but I have no feeling for the prices: is this 1$ Tip on a 3$ beer or more like 1$ tip on a 15$ cocktail?


My rule of thumb is that at a bar, if a beer costs less than 6 or 7 dollars, it's a $1 tip, more than that $2. Cocktails get a bigger tip, depending on the complexity of the drink, but typically land somewhere around the 25% rounded up to the dollar mark.

If you're on a tab, you tip at the end, but a slightly larger cash tip on your first drink will get you much faster service the rest of the evening.


They were tips on free whiskey/vodka + mixer as we were gambling. I googled at the time and those numbers were recommended for that service. For food drinks etc would normally tip 15-20% depending on service, would also go lower if it was terrible.


In Vegas, that $3 beer would cost $15 anyway, if you weren't getting it for free at the tables.


Depends on where you're at and the cost of living in the area. Its about making sure the people serving you are recognized as people and not slaves


Having people rely on some unwritten custom where the rich are expected to give a handout as part of their meal feels much more like treating people as slaves than simply paying people a fair wage and charging what that costs to make workable.

I know it's just a different culture and I try to give a decent tip when I'm in the states as my lack of understanding will not improve the situation but it's still fubar.


Yeah but not tipping is just a civilian. Not paying off an officer of the law in a country is where things start to get a little scary, because of the authority that they wield :/

Also Americans should just get rid of tipping culture already, and pay employees what they deserve. You're a democracy, right?


A police officer has a little more leverage over you than an underpaid waiter. So not really the same at all.


Long time ago a friend from a country I am not naming, told me, that it is also important how to bribe the officer. While they want your money and bad things will happen if you do not give it, bad thinks will also happen if you do it too blatently, since this could be considered insulting. The only phrase I remember is that one can ask 'could I pay the fine on the spot' (in case they want to book you for some imagined traffic violation).


Once after crossing the border from Laos to Thailand a Thai border official expected a bribe from us, citing some obviously made up tourist tax. I saw that they already stamped our passports and even though it was probably a stupid thing to do we just played dumb, slowly repeating the same thing over and over about how we're so confused, we thought there was no additional tax, we must have made a mistake, showing them the printout of the visa we had at the time, yada yada. Never were we confrontational, only slightly annoyingly "simple" I would say and it worked beautifully, after 15 minutes or so they gave us our passports and let us go. I've since applied that strategy in many other contexts, even in western countries.


I don't think this is a normal thing in today's Romania, but perhaps a Romanian will correct me.


Similar story going into Syria, just before the war: we were at the Turkey-Syria border, trying to cross into Syria, and the Syrian border police decided to search all our belongings, including our wallets. Two hours later we got the visa, but it just happened to cost exactly as much as all the money we had on us.


That's extortion isn't it?


Interesting. Your example shows that bribery can be executed even without cooperation by the bribers.


I'm not sure if this should be called bribery or extortion.


Perhaps, but I categorized it as bribery: pay some money to cross this or that hurdle. We did not _have_ to go to Syria, as we are just tourists. But I had no hard feelings; we anticipated something like this, and considering that it was only about a $100, in retrospect, I'm very, very glad I got to see the country before the war.


It's a very small difference to be honest.


Thanks for your story.

McAfee has written an extensive guide on how it works in central America: https://www.whoismcafee.com/the-travel-guide/


> So to give more than is reasonable is a crime against humanity.

Yes, I thought about it. I tried to estimate the salary of the police officer and wanted to give him enough, but not too much. It was a difficult decision and I took some time to think this through, about one minute, but he was very patient. We had about $150 worth in Forint in the car and he saw the notes when I took out the $20. Probably $20 was on the high end, but not so much because it seems he shared the gain with his colleagues.

It seems that we were lucky.

And that's why corruption is bad. It creates wrong incentives and loss of security.


> At the lower levels, however, the system contains an element of grace and humanity, and this lower lever is all that most people will ever encounter.

Hah. Now I stopped wondering about the friendliness of the officer.


Wow. That is one FUGLY site.

Cynical, but spot-on.

The world became a bit darker (but also more sane), when McCafee died.


Thanks. Great resource.


Minor nit. Ceaușescu was removed in 1989, the eclipse was in 1999, 10 years later, not two years.

In 2022 small time corruption in Romania is still a big problem.


Sorry, thanks for the correction!


I was in Hungary once, very late at night, in the middle of nowhere (long story), about 20 years ago. Ended up in the back of a police van. Turned out they just wanted to shake me down for money. Made the universal gesture of rubbing fingers. Showed him my wallet - empty. Very mad. Gave me a piece of paper in about 15 languages that said I was permanently banned from entering Hungary and then threw me out of the van.


I saw that solar eclipse from this place in Bulgaria

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunny_Beach

I had no trouble w/ the police in any country but the train conductor wanted a bribe upon entering Romania and we wound up spending an extra night in a small town because the train schedules were screwed up thanks to the war in Yugoslavia. Instead of staying in a hotel we spent that night on our feet talking to some kid who was making fun of our Romanian money and then I passed out when I drank a 7-up after getting out of a hot and crowded train in Varna.


Corruption is one of the fun things I enjoy thinking about.

People have to take a step back and realize this can NEVER be beat. Because corruption is a philosophical construct. We saw virtually incorruptible countries tied up in the financial recession that was fueled by greed. But it wasn't greed until it all came crashing down, before that it was a smart move.

So preachiness aside let me tell you story. So a friend of mine works in supply chain operations in a certain country. Surprisingly local supply chain professionals are paid comparatively low than their peers with similar skill and education. Yet supply chain type work are always the most deemed jobs in any industry. I asked him, what's the deal. So he just told me, people just makes up the "opportunity" cost by over invoicing and charging commissions to their favored vendors. I said what kind monitoring mechanism do the bosses have. They said usually none, but if they even have monitoring mechanism and get this, corrupt people will use the monitoring mechanism itself to weed out the ones who are honest! So, for the owners the cost corruption is just part of the cost production. They include the cost without much care.

Anyway, I am trying to convince him to open a startup with me to address this problem and apply to YC S22.


Just because corruption cannot be "beat" doesn't mean it cannot be reduced. Having lived both in India and the west, believe me people who haven't experienced the former don't know what real corruption is. And on the other end, if you have lived your entire life in a country in the bottom half of the corruption index you may think of corruption to be normal and a necessary way of life, but it is absolutely possible to make a meaningful difference through activism and laws.


This is true.

In India, from the lowest level of administration- from ward (a few blocks of town/city) councillor and village board members to governor's of states to prime minister and cabinet minister- corruption exists at every level. Every level.

Most people are corrupt.

People are corrupt, too. People regularly lie about income and property to avail government benefits.

In India, if you are not nepotistic, you are perceived badly in society. You will become an outcast and invite anger if you do not abuse Power to help people in your relational vicinity.

I know many people who seek government jobs just so they can earn through bribes.


I’ve lived in the EU, USA, and Asia. The primary distinction is that developing countries have corruption starting at lower levels.

However, what this simplistic conclusion fails because the developed countries have huge amounts of corruption at all other levels. Everything is still impacted by lobbying and back channels, in huge multi-billion dollar amounts…


I watched the rules for rulers CGP Grey video [YouTube] again recently.

One takeaway is that corruption is a tool of power. If there are a lot of "keys", chances are that you are a key and if a bribe demand is so bad that it is likely to be your top priority, you will switch your allegiance to a different leader.

The thing that others me is how we can have very unpopular things but I don't care enough to get rid of those things.

Take the second amendment (2A), for example. I don't want people to own guns and carry them on their person flaunting it at gas stations. However, I don't care about it enough to make it my single issue. So my understanding is there can be 5% of the voters really care about something stupid to ignore everything else and vote based on 2A for example.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rStL7niR7gs


I agree with your sentiment and it’s a great video, but your 2A estimate is way off. Over 30% of all Americans personally own a firearm [1], so the overall level of 2A support is at least that.

[1] https://news.gallup.com/poll/264932/percentage-americans-own...


it may be higher than 5%, but definitely not all 30% of those make 2A their only issue. plus there's a good fraction who have the mindset "I'd rather nobody have a gun, but if he gets a gun then I want one too".


I think there are cultural-political affinities that make people who want an absolutist interpretation of the Second Amendment vote together with people who might prefer something like an assault weapons ban or less “carry,” but still want to prevent the government from controlling their gun ownership.

They share a basket of political goals and within that basket, the more extreme version of each tends to win out, at least for those goals that are not broad, cross-party American priorities.


But not having corruption at a lower level makes a lot of difference (in my opinion)


I agree that as a normal citizen, it feels ickier and annoying. I definitely do not appreciate it myself.

However, I feel like the focus on small-time corruption distracts us from the bigger institutionalised corruption that is ever prevalent. By deciding that the lower levels of gov are going to be both underpaid and devoid of other “benefits”, we still end up with gov employees that hate their job and have no motivation. It changes nothing other than convenience for the citizens and results in near-poverty for the gov employees. Meanwhile, the higher-ups are living in mansions in both situations. It’s effectively a classist gate keeping - wherein the powerful always get what they want, and have the opportunity to hide it enough that IME the average citizen in the West still truly believes that their gov is fair and not corrupt.


Does it make a difference who is actually expected to pay the bribe?

For example, corrupt traffic officers' bribes are often regressive (as nobody's threatening the rich and powerful), leave people with less money in their pocket, and requires the creation of direct injustices like wrongful imprisonment or even violence.

Whereas a defence contractor who has a bunch of retired generals and senators as "advisers" merely steals from tax revenue, which is collected progressively; the average citizen has no less money in their pocket; and no direct threats are needed at all. It's still corruption, certainly, but it doesn't put innocent people in jail.


That’s a great question, I do see your viewpoint.

I agree that low-end corruption is more regressive for the common person, both in that they are more forced to pay up, but also that it comes from a smaller wealth pool.

High-end corruption is lobbying and think-tanks. While low-level bribing is for pettier things like paperwork, the rich and powerful aim to influence public policy to their benefit.

While the common person might not have to visibly participate, these changes affect their lives. Taxes are only progressive by design, but in reality are disproportionately paid by those who can’t afford to evade/game the system. Moreover, the non-rich people are the ones who actually really need the outcomes of tax money.

As more and more of it that is siphoned away by high-level corruption, you end up with decaying infrastructure. This outcome is quite visible in a lot of developed countries now. Another great example are defence budgets that dominate the entire national budget, but primarily funnel money to the rich military-industrial oligarchs, while being used to murder people in “faraway lands”.


» I know many people who seek government jobs just so they can earn through bribes.

» In India, from the lowest level of administration- from ward (a few blocks of town/city) councillor and village board members to governor's of states to prime minister and cabinet minister- corruption exists at every level. Every level.

My understanding is the people I to don't need to personally demand bribes from the public at all. If you expect to make a lot of money with your government job, the people with the power to put you in the job will demand you pay to get that job, right?


Oh yes.

Scandals in recruitment is huge in India.

Interview panels are regularly challenged in court and sometimes overthrown and cancelled.

Some people even get their salary stopped, deducted, and fired for getting hired through illegal channels.

And not only in jobs where you stand to gain bribes, but also in jobs that are tenured from day one. Like High School teachers or elementary school teachers. Their salary is also much higher than their American counterparts when PPP is considered.

People bribe and get into all sorts of tenured posts.

People even get called to (already fixed) interviews even though their score in written test was lower than people who did not get the call.

As I said, challenging recruitment panels in court is really common.

Airtight systems can be created and are in place (e.g. in central state-owned bank recruitments) where no corruption happens. Where there is corruption it is because the people in power want it that way. The ruling parties want to recruit loyalists and their relatives in government ranks. They also have to pay high bribe, but being a member of the parties tells you whom to bribe.

Some say (I find it credible) that governments deliberately mess up recruitment procedure so they are sub-judice for a long period of time. This way, the government does not have to pay salary to them and instead use the money to many welfare projects and gain the votes of the masses.

Say, you want to give ₹10k to each HS student in your state so that they can buy smartphones. One smartphone ~5-10 votes in an election. Minium salary in peon rank ~₹40k. There are 2000 vacancies. You mess up the recruitment process deliberately, and the case goes to court. The case runs for 4 months to 5 years. If the case goes on for two years, you save ₹40k × 2000 × 24 ~ $25.6 million. And with that money, you can bankroll 192k smartphones amd get close to 500k votes- enough to swing a district (districts are sub-provinces in India).

There has been, and still are- several large scale conspiracies that manipulate results in entrance tests. People have died for investigating it. See [0].

[0]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vyapam_scam


Not just for a job but people also pay (or made to pay) high price to get 'transfers'. If you a are govt. school teacher or doctor you'll likely be posted at a place which is very far from your residence just so that you'll be ready to pay a hefty sum to get transferred to a nearby location.


That's even more sinister than what I had thought. So you could take two job openings in two towns and two good candidates in those two towns and get 2x the bribe just by doing the inefficient thing and sending them to the wrong post.

Now these two people are out a lot of money and in their mind they have to recoup that money somehow and the cycle of bribes continues. :/


> just by doing the inefficient thing and sending them to the wrong post.

Not the case most of the times. In each recruitment process, a central list is created based on test score and other criteria.

And candidates give choices. Most want to live in megacities like Chennai or Kolkata. Many want to be close to their homes.

Choices are awarded (or disregarded) first-come-first-serve basis on that merit list.

A few get desired postings due to their scores. Most of them end up in godforsaken places where your future children will get shitty schools and a worse environment. And very bad healthcare facilities.

So these people are eager to shell out a lot of money to get desired posting.

Indian companies and government institutions always had unions. Most of them leftist, and many apolitical (in white collar places, obviously). Nowadays unions are hijacked overnight by whichever party comes to power.

They work as a center of power. And they are the intermediaries in corruption.

Most unions have stopped caring about their ideals, and the people. They are just power brokers hungry for the fulfilment of the few.

This is how corruption becomes universal in India. There are taxicab unions, actors' unions, teachers' unions, farm-workers' union- all rules over by the ruling party. They don't give a rat's ass about the members.

They just care about a few. And they can stay in power because they are supported by the ruling party and give them huge cuts.


The primary emotion I feel when reading this is pure exhaustion. I mean, there's plenty of things wrong with this, and it sounds like a terrible way to organize society in general, but first and foremost it just feels… exhausting. I wouldn't have the stamina for it.


Many people feel the same. Some who are able immigrate to western countries where corruption is not a overt. Except the US where it’s just legal through campaign contributions and what not. Lol

Jokes apart, in your day to day life you don’t have to go through this multiple times a day in the west with every interaction you have. Of course this isn’t like every Indian goes through this daily. Depends on what they do. If you’re a small business owner, this is a large part of your daily life.


I get the feeling some people reading this are going to think corruption in the supply chain is a far away problem that could never happen near them.

In fact, one of the main benefits of adopting the shipping container in the 1970s was reducing such graft. Earlier most of the cost of shipping by sea was the labour of packing and unpacking goods at the pier. Goods such as liquor and electronics simply went missing during transit. This was a common practice on the New York piers at the time.

The shipping container changed that. It was vastly cheaper because it took very little time to handle at the ports, and it cut down on graft. Shipping and exports grew in the US because “losses” decreased.

Source: The Box by Marc Levinson.


You can't beat corruption in the same way you can't beat crime. If you leave it alone, it gets far worse, though.

We do have corruption on that level - some of my relatives worked in construction, and they'd just set aside money to bribe everyone. There's money and hookers for project managers. There's money for fire inspections. There's money set aside for to pay police and family members if someone dies. It's treated like a fine. There's code words, like when someone says their phone keeps running out of battery and can't call back, it means that they expect a new iPhone.

It's all fine until the prime minister siphons billions off the sovereign wealth fund. Cleaning up corruption is a lot of work, and often the process has a lot of unexpected ripples. Often it can't be cleaned up without a revolution, sometimes a violent one.


> and realize this can NEVER be beat

Ah, the classic "'No Way To Prevent This,' Says Only Nation Where This Regularly Happens".

You can live your whole life in several European countries without ever witnessing corruption. But because America is special, surely nothing can be done!


I think it’s interesting that they said it can’t be beat, yet they’re starting a startup. This feels like corruption itself.


They should have made the note look similar to a normal one, but with some kind of tracking enabled. By making it stand out, it defeated the purpose entirely.

Bribes are not solicited for no reason. Officials require bribes in exchange for essential services: Getting your passport renewed, changing a land document, getting a particular license. In a small town where everybody knows everybody but the officials knows the most dangerous gang in the country (the police), it's downright inane to think handing him a note like this is going to put any fear into him. Whatever you were bribing the guy for will now simply not be done.

The citizen who does this morally self-righteous act will also get a nice target painted on his head. And should he choose to report the case, well, he's playing the usual game of dice that is the legal system here.

It would have been infinitely superior to make bribe-reporting a more anonymous process.


> They should have made the note look similar to a normal one, but with some kind of tracking enabled. By making it stand out, it defeated the purpose entirely.

That would be illegal. You cannot print money that looks indistinguishable from real currency. Penalties for this are very strict and severe, and the "justice" apparatus moves swiftly on this sort of stuff. After all, this is the source of the government's power over the population.


> They should have made the note look similar to a normal one, but with some kind of tracking enabled.

These exist and they're made by the government's anti corruption bodies.

This zero rupee is made by an NGO and it's different to make a statement.


> These exist and they're made by the government's anti corruption bodies.

I would love to see a source of this. Because as far as I am aware, making special "notes" by any agency, government or not, is just against the minting laws.

You are just confidently incorrect in your answers & resort to downvoting to views you don't like. Anti-corruption agencies (ACB EOW of CBI & ED of audits & account) in India use Potassium permanganate to dust the notes. The handprint of the accused are processed if they touch the notes. Usually recorded as pink stains on paper & dated with a magisterial witness.

Source: https://epgp.inflibnet.ac.in/epgpdata/uploads/epgp_content/F...


Long ago, I had volunteered for 5thPillar, the NGO that made these zero-rupee notes. There were so many weird rules to follow when you make a fake currency. Can't be same size, can't have both sides resemble real currency, should have clear print saying this is not areal currency, etc. If you break any of these rules, then it can land you in prison because counterfeiting is a serious non-bailable offense.

When someone uses this currency, it gives a perception that they are not alone and there is some organization behind them. The gov official would prefer to move on to prey on other innocent citizens rather than dealing with this one person who seems to have some sort of support from some known/unknown organization. Unfortunately, this does not solve the issue completely as it just shifts the issue to other innocent folks.


That is called counterfeiting and will land the people issuing this in jail.


If I don't like you, I could give this to you without your knowledge and report you. The point being, it can fail and can be misused.


Another anecdote from India. 30-40 years back, my parents had to pay bribe nearly everyplace. Even for things like "paying" your house tax (city tax) and buying railway ticket.

Since then though things are constantly improving. With computerisation / automation you don't have to face any person for many of the tasks. I can buy tickets, do bank transactions, get marriage/birth certificate, passport appointment all from my laptop/phone.

So I for one am hopeful. Police/ministries are one of the last places where corruption is deeply entrenched but we are making a lot of progress.


Generally probably true.

They find new ways though. My friends in the US needed H1B stamping appointments that are near impossible to find. Apparently there are “agents” who you give your username and password to and they can get you an appointment as they know when new appointments are released. They jump on the appointments knowing when they will be released and get you one.

Security wise this is a clusterfuck. But the fact that this is even happening is crazy. Of course my friend didn’t use this given the Giant security issue but it seems people do use it successfully.


There is one more solution in India called http://www.ipaidabribe.com/#gsc.tab=0 basically you pay the bribe and come back to the portal and report it, they collect stats on this and forward it to authorities and release annual report


The "live feed" on the home page of this site seems to be filled with some spammer's posts, who is, terrifyingly, requesting human kidneys in exchange for payment.


You appear to have raised awareness. The posts from that spammer appear to be being deleted one-by-one.

Edit: Just out of curiosity, anyone know what 7CR is, in USD?

Edit2: It's just over $9000


Minor fix, I believe CR is crores:

7 crore INR = 70,000,000 INR = USD $900,000

Your edit seems to refer to:

7 lakh INR = 700,000 INR = USD $9000


Thanks for the correction!


Unless the admin has the patience of a saint and the tempo of a metronome, I suspect you're just seeing the auto-scroll feature


This sounds like a great tool in theory for spreading awareness about bribery but solving systemic corruption won't necessarily be that easy (which is the root of this problem in India). Indian society is used to bribery and at times prefers it. It's a system where the primary source of income earned by people in power is through "under the table deals". The steps to fixing the corruption also have to be systemic which should include better wages for government employees and higher accountability of the funds allocated for government projects. AFAIK accounts, land records etc. still haven't been digitised completely in India. Once this process starts, there should be a noticeable change not just wrt corruption, but also in streamlining of govt. processes.


Money is downstream from power. It is part of the human condition.

Indian corruption is propagated by beaurocrats because the middle-man beaurocracy has power. The US gives power to elected officials, so corrupt money is channeled through lobbying and cushy retirement jobs.

The best we can do is to increase visibility (eg: making campaign finances public) and remove points of friction. The other alternative is to go full Singapore and become authoritarian. Democratic govts. have limited power, so they can't ensure quantity and quality at the same time.

It has led me to conclude that small-but-strong govts are optimal for to deterring corruption.

An unintented? consequence of demonetization was digitization of the Indian financial system, which has enhanced visibility. The sell-off of non-performing PSUs is another great step. Hope the Govt. picks up the pace on these changes, but at least the general.direction is encouraging.


As a Singaporean I can assure you that becoming full authoritarian will not solve your corruption problem. China, Russia, North Korea for instance have wide spread corruption despite being far more authoritarian than us. The reason we have low corruption here is that society does not accept it and we pay our government officials (a bit too) decently. Punishments for corruption are stringent yes, but if you were to do a poll here people generally would agree with not accepting bribery. Essentially the punishment for being bribed is worse than the benefits one would get out of it. To put it in context the average indian police officer earns 33,561inr or an equivalent of 500 SGD vs 1780-2760 SGD for a junior police officer in singapore (this base pay ignores other allowances, sign on bonuses and scholarships given). Entry level inspectors can receive between $4000-$5000 (By comparison a junior SWE earns between $4000-$7000). The average Singaporean (or a relatively rich indian) can easily afford a one time bribe that is two times the salary of the indian police officer. I would have qualms bribing a Singaporean officer with two times his wage in singapore given that it would mean giving my whole months salary. Not to mention our punishments are much more severe if caught.


Rule by law countries use corruption charged as a way of getting rid of people they want to get rid of. If everyone is corrupt, then they all have that noose on their neck and so won’t step on toes they shouldn’t. Then the officials need only worry and get rid of those who aren’t corrupt (leading to a survival bias effect).


Modi is already pretty authoritarian, specially if you're Muslim.


> better wages for government employees

Corruption doesn't happen because people have less money. If that was true, the poorest would be the most corrupt and the richest would be the least corrupt. This is definitely not the case. It happens when there is no downside to it.

> higher accountability of the funds allocated for government projects

How? By having more government employees to monitor the existing ones? This is the exact kind of solution that would come from a seasoned bureaucrat. It serves the purpose of looking like a solution while adding to the problem.

What should be done is to remove most of the government employees and hire firms to do the job instead. That way, the individual activity and performance is the responsibility of the firm. Will some of these private firms be corrupt? Yes, but they can be monitored and replaced much easier than you can do with millions of individual government employees. Corruption can be reported directly to the firms and they will have incentives to sack the corrupt employees because of the fear of being investigated and sacked by the government.


One Dalai Lama had created a "reverse secret police" whose job it was to spy on officials.

India's approach is technological, like the Aadhar biometric system to ensure financial aid payments are not embezzled by corrupt officials. Some cultures like Scandinavia have managed to develop a zero-tolerance approach to corruption, like the minister who had to resign because she used her government credit card to buy a chocolate bar.


> If that was true, the poorest would be the most corrupt and the richest would be the least corrupt.

It seems clearly true to me that poorer countries have greater issues with corruption than poorer ones. What makes you say that's not true?


What ComradePhil means is: If poor countries' police are corrupt simply because they're so poorly paid, shouldn't the poor countries' police chiefs be honest, as they're paid more? And yet the police chief probably makes much more bribe money.

As I understand things, highly corrupt countries have a sort of 'bribe pyramid' where the police chief remits a certain amount of bribe revenue to his boss in order to keep his job, who in turn gives a portion to his boss and so on, so the police chief sees a lot of money, but will be replaced if he develops a conscience.


> It happens when there is no downside to it.

That is a bit simplistic. The penalty for corruption could be death, definitely a downside, but an official will only be singled out for punishment if they displace someone more powerful. Corruption as such thrives in countries without strong rule of law (where laws might be harsh but are applied arbitrarily).


Corruption happens because the bribe is high compared to the receiver wages.

Most people wouldn't accept a bribe that would be just pocket money (unless they're so corrupt they get as many as tips), but having a bribe offer equivalent to a month salary (or 2, or 3) really makes you think.


Privatization is clearly not a solution I have seen what it did in housing in Germany and for the locomotives in the UK it is fairly clear firms can be worse or just as bad


Here’s me dealing with a few hundred bribery attempts as I drove my Canadian plated newish Jeep through 35 countries right around Africa. It’s often extremely Subtle and easy to miss, and you must be on your game. For a whole host of reasons paying is often the wrong approach and can lead to much bigger problems

I only paid one on the whole continent, that was a bad day

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=7RTlDa2cg0o


Hats off to you sir. I learned something from that.


Sounds like a good way to get beaten up.


At the very least it sounds like a good way to avoid getting what you need from that official.


> In 2014 India ranked 85th out of 175 countries in Transparency International’s Corruption Perceptions Index, compared to its neighbors Bhutan (30th), Bangladesh (145th), Myanmar (156th), China (100th), Nepal (126th), Pakistan (126th) and Sri Lanka (85th).

One thing I find confusing with this ranking is that it can easily be interpreted as "India is the 85th more corrupted country (or perceived as so) in the world". In reality, it’s a reversed ranking: the higher rank you get the more corrupt you’re perceived as. This means that, excluding Bhutan, India is less perceived as corrupt than any of its neighbors. The first 3 countries in that ranking in 2021 were Denmark, Finland and New Zealand.


To curtail bribery in India. No government official should have to meet an individual face to face for any transaction.


Several departments in many states of India are far behind in their digitisation goals.

Because they want to keep avenues of corruption open.

The one that comes to mind is mutation of land type- very easily implementable solution, but it remains traditional, not analog.

Digitization does not do away with corruption. One example is the drivers' license office. There are "brokers" who take non-trivial "fees" so that you pass your driving tests and you do not face any hindrances or waste your time by having to go many times for a single task. The officers take cuts from these brokers.

Without them, only local people with no value of time will be able to get drivers' license.

There are also road signs tests. While hard for many, I found it trivially easy.


*not digital


It’s cute, but has it really had the intended effect? I can’t imagine someone expecting a bribe to bat an eye at this.

Edit: That said, I’d love something like this for tips in restaurants when there service is below par. It would provide a passive aggressive way to let the server know their service was poor without drawing attention to them or you. It would be easy to slip into the rest of the tip.


I have a lot of friends who wait tables/serve. They'll know you aren't happy if you don't tip at all. Throwing in a little note that looks like money but that they need to spend time sorting out later is an unnecessary insult to people making less than both of us.


I've seen complaints about church group leaving religious tracts disguised instead of tips. Here is one story.

http://www.cynical-c.com/2016/01/22/restaurant-managers-resp...


Yeah, I've heard about this. Far be it from me to interpret Christian doctrine, but I don't remember the part about fake $20 bills in Proverbs.


That's funny, I don't think it's immoral but it is a sure way to repel anyone from your religion.


Tipping a single coin IS the passive aggressive way to indicate subpar service.

Alternatively, you could use one of the cards that religious folks use that look like a bill, but has a message on the back.

The real solution is to mention the issue to your server or their manager. Most are willing to bend over backwards to make it right. If you are going to mess with someone’s expected income you should at least allow them a chance to know why if not fix the issue


> If you are going to mess with someone’s expected income you should at least allow them a chance to know why if not fix the issue

Are you implying that people waiting tables are too stupid to understand that the whole business of tipping is disliked, that transparency in pricing is something that many people prefer, that people prefer a service that they are paying for be performed correctly rather than poorly?

If you have to mention it to the manager then the server is likely to be in even greater trouble and anyway, the manager is ultimately the one responsible for the poor service in the first place.


>If you have to mention it to the manager then the server is likely to be in even greater trouble and anyway, the manager is ultimately the one responsible for the poor service in the first place.

Not necessarily. There is a whole range of reasons why someone can have a bad experience and sometimes it is as simple as a communication error or the person who trained up the server forgot to mention something important to them. Sometimes the customer just doesn't feel loved that day so they will invent reasons for being unsatisfied just to feel the warmth of someone that cares how they feel and wants them to be happy.

I agree with your negative sentiments towards tipping but why does the employee have to suffer the brunt of your frustrations of this messed up system? Is it just a good excuse to give yourself a 10% discount?

Also understand voicing your disappointments to a manager/owner or even the person serving you gives the establishment a chance to rectify the issue to no one's betterment but yourself. You can still choose not to tip or return. Not everyone is easily readable and some people have very high or unique expectations. I am just saying there is no need for snarky little mind games to get the last laugh.


That's not what I'm implying. I'm saying exactly what that sentence you quoted says.

Waiters have opted into a tipping system and their customers have too. Part of the expectation on both sides is that menu prices are lower in exchange for paying directly for service. If you want to avoid tipping culture then google around for restaurants that don't accept tips, or just do takeout. Mostly non-tipping restaurants don't last long in NA because they go out of business for a variety of reasons, one of which is that service tends to suffer.

The manager likely already knows who is good at their job and who isn't. If there was a breakdown, they wan't to know 1. so they can make it right with the dissatisfied customer, and 2. so they can help the server deliver better service, or fix the system if it was outside the server's control. So yeah, the manager is responsible for doing the best to ensure good service, and they are also the one who has the most power to make it right.

You will get way farther asking for them to make it right then you will by not tipping.

I know all this because I used to work for a very large restaurant chain. They had a spend in the hundreds of thousands for comping menu items because dissatisfaction always happens. Sometimes it is the customer's fault (ordering a steak well done, and then complaining about the texture), sometimes it is the restaurant's fault.


Why be passive aggressive? Tip the amount you want. If service was a problem actually share feedback.


How much of a spineless coward do you have to be to think this is even remotely a good idea?


From memory 40% of people in the UK construction industry admit to offering or receiving a bribe. [0] Western countries are not immune to this. I’m aware of situations where large cash bribes were paid or holidays were given by subcontractors to the bid managers at a large construction company to fix tenders to secure work.

[0] Construction Project Manager’s Pocket Book (Routledge Pocket Books) (it’s research reffered to in the ethics section somewhere, you can use look inside to view on Amazon)


The difference, in my opinion, is that at least in Western countries people pretend this isn't acceptable behaviour and they go through lengths to make it less obvious. You might view this as hypocritical or a charade - but when corruption becomes a social norm it kills trust in institutions and it spreads to every part of society, etc.


And for dockers, at least on the Thames, it was very much part of the culture for the men to help themselves to a portion of whatever goods were being handled.


I did a text search of your reference [0] and it doesn't seem to contain information on bribery. (I searched for "bribe", and also "ethics" - which does exist but not in reference to bribery.)

Could you provide a(nother) reference to e.g. your 40% figure, as it is a topic that interests me? Thankyou.


I found the section. It won't let me copy/paste so i took a screenshot

https://imgur.com/a/inQCT4d


Thanks! And that is from the "Construction Project Manager’s Pocket Book (Routledge Pocket Books)"? Presumably it has been added to the 2nd edition, because I cannot find that passage in my (1st edition) copy.

(edit - yes it is from the 2nd edition, thanks for your help)


In most law books corruption is symmetrically punished: the bribe-giver and the bribe-receiver are both to be punished by law. This creates a bond between the briber and the bribee: they both have skin in the game, and are both incentivized to keep the bribing secret.

If one side of corruption is effectively legalized corruption becomes much harder!


Which one should we decriminalize, do you think? Which one is worse than the other?


Giving a bribe should be decriminalised (if you’re going to pick one, I personally remain unconvinced).

The bribe taker is in the position of power, and abusing that position to extract a bribe. The one paying the bribe may have little choice.

Reason for being unconvinced that decriminalisation of both acts is a good idea, is that it assumes that either the person receiving or giving the bribe is always the active participant. When in reality the active participant depends on the context.

In a system where bribing is expected, then the receiver will almost always be the one soliciting the bribe, as it’s normalised for them to request and receive bribes. However in systems with low corruption where bribing is not expected, then it’s more likely the giver of the bribe is the active participant. Attempting to get the receiver to accept a bribe they haven’t solicited, in which case they should be punished (even if the bribe isn’t accepted), along with the receiver if they accept.

In my view the mere attempt to give or receive a bribe needs to be punishable. That creates risk for the active party, regardless of outcome. Making the act of attempting a bribe less palatable.


> Giving a bribe should be decriminalised

Intuitively I agree with that. It's the position of power, it's the public position and it gives power to assess to the public.


I felt really bad when I had to sell my property in India and had to offer bribe to the officer so that I an get an okay to sell the flat. An relative said that I must not done that but I had to go back to work and didn’t have lot of time at hand to fight the system. I feel really bad though. The whole thing is so stacked against the common man who feels powerless against the huge corruption machine.


I don't how many of these they make, but it costs money to make zero money. If those who came with the idea are serious about fighting bribery, they know they need to make many many of these in a country whose population is larger than continents like Africa and America and is almost double that of Europe.


TIL how endemic corruption in India is. Maybe this is related to something I and my non-Indian colleagues have seen regularly. Often an Indian colleague will ask for something requiring significant effort or resources as a matter of course. Maybe asking to get something for nothing has deep cultural roots.


Is the proper mechanism naming, shaming, reporting, and solidarity? Or is the mechanism proper compensation for the officials in question so that bribes are unnecessary to sustain a sufficient quality-of-life in their jurisdictions?


The answer to bribery is to take away the power from the government.

Clerk at the RTO won't issue your driving license? Make it so any driving school can issue licenses to people who have completed a course.

Policeman demands a bribe to avoid having a record on your license for driving without a seat belt or helmet? Remove unnecessary laws like this, because it is not the government's job to forcibly keep you safe.

About 2 decades ago, it was common to bribe the telecom department employees to get your phone line installed or repaired. How did we solve this problem? By making the government irrelevant in the telecom market. Now I can get a 1Gbps connection installed the same day from Airtel or Jio, no bribes needed. You can tip the installation guy if you want :)

I understand that this will still leave a lot of avenues for corruption to occur, but at least we will get rid of the low hanging fruit.


> Make it so any driving school can issue licenses to people who have completed a course.

Beware of what you ask. Private corruption is 100 times worse than government corruption. Good people in the government have job safety. But honest people in private sector can just be fired if they do not comply to corruption practices. I have seen this happened many times.

> because it is not the government's job to forcibly keep you safe.

There are some laws that keep others safe. Like drunk driving. Some laws are there because they keep safe the people who often have done nothing wrong.


> Policeman demands a bribe to avoid having a record on your license for driving

The policemen in my city were very specific about getting the fine digitally. They wouldn't handle cash even if it was for the fine.

> The answer to bribery is to take away the power from the government

A much more practical way would be to disassociate the approver and applicant. Eg: You can't bribe your University examiners Cuz they won't even know how to find your paper from lot.


> The policemen in my city were very specific about getting the fine digitally. They wouldn't handle cash even if it was for the fine.

I'm having a hard time believing this. Police corruption is embedded into the very power structure. Which city are you talking about?


The same thing happens in Mexico near the border - the bribe just happens before any possibility of the fine, now (as the fine has you actually mail the payment directly to Mexico).


Have you had to pay a bribe or fine recently?


> The policemen in my city were very specific about getting the fine digitally. They wouldn't handle cash even if it was for the fine.

Then your city has solved the bribe problem! We should all emulate what you guys have done.

> A much more practical way would be to disassociate the approver and applicant.

I disagree. Such measures provide a temporary respite at best. People in power are still in power, they will find out a way to exploit that. The only way is to remove the person from her power over others.


You can't shame the shameless. India hasn't (yet) reached the level of corruption of Pakistan, where it's the honest people who are jailed for not demanding bribes.


> where it's the honest people who are jailed for not demanding bribes

In India they keep on getting transferred to different departments, sometimes in in some remote area where you will have to live without your family.


Indian bribery is just like tipping in the US. And this stuff is just like handing over those folded Jesus notes that look like dollars.


Why is the non-profit named "5th Pillar"?


The name 5th Pillar represents the organization’s central idea; that people have the power to change the fundamental conditions that corruption depends on for its existence, and that popular mobilization against corruption will strengthen the four traditional pillars of India’s democracy.

Those are traditionally: Legislature, Executive, Judiciary and the Media

Via https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/openindia/fifth-pillar-of-i...


https://www.pillarsofindia.com/four-pillars-of-indian-democr..., but that itself is based on the four pillar idea that occurs in Hinduism, I believe, for which I cannot find a wikipedia article, curiously enough.


This is from NGO nothing official about it.


https://5thpillar.org/about-us/

From the site - The Nation already has four pillars of democracy the legislature, executive, judiciary and press. 5th Pillar is formed as a coalition of like-minded citizens of our country who want to see a better society and governance system in our great nation.


I like this idea, but I would like to understand what metric the article uses to claim "success".


That looks like something that could get you beaten up or shot, in areas I am familiar with, anyway.


Se also have zero euro notes in Europe, but it's for a totally different goal.


http://www.0euro.org/

It's for tourists


Wouldn’t you risk a violent outburst if you handed this to a cop or something?


I've heard of this, but I don't think it makes any difference at all. I don't even mind the low level petty corruption, it actually is a way to reduce the influence of other factors like caste, religion, etc when dealing with government officials.


It feels like an insult to the mahatma.. They could've put on it Moody or any other zeroth douchebag.


Dumb idea.

Funding Government agencies so that they aren’t forced to take bribes is perhaps a better tool. Even better, invest in feedback mechanisms and make it easy to report officials that take bribes.

Corruption is often a symptom of underlying issues and not the cause.


I agree with "Corruption is often a symptom of underlying issues and not the cause", but not the first part. I can't say about whole world, but if members of society have a decent social ensurance for the tough times, sphere of influence of corruption should go down, like in Nordics. Does it remove corruption entirely no, does it make less rampant yes.

Would be nice to have a systematic study correlating availability of social protection vs prevalence of corruption and it's overall impact.


I am based out of India. This looks like to be fake thing. Never seen or used such a note. It is not prevalent.


Just because you've never seen it doesn't mean it's a fake thing. TFA doesn't make any claims about how prevalent it is.


There is more potential for misuse than the well-intentioned good use. When a counterfeit has the likeness of a legal tender, it is hard to check where transactions (like donations) are done en massé.

Edit: This comment is about the general likeness, where counterfeit can be mixed with regular notes. Guys, stop getting touchy about your currency & downvoting without a reason.


This looks nothing like the real tender for one, even from one side.

This is from 2010-2012, when large scams mobilized common people against corruption in India.


I haven't seen one but The Guardian's reporting does not agree with your abject dismissal:

> They look a lot like the 50-rupee notes: They carry a picture of Gandhi and are a similar colour.

FWIW if these need a moment of inspection, I would still say mixing such in a stack/pile of notes - typical of charities and donations - is still a vile act thats easy to pull. Technically, the ZR note becomes an instrument for siphoning or fraud.

Wherever loose money is collected in large quantities & sorted manually, money counters dont spend inordinate times to sift currencies. They are sorted by color. e.g. in major temples & churches. Places where petty stealing is also prevalent.

Be tolerant of counter views if they don't agree with yours.

Source: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/apr/06/india-...


Corruption in India like in many excolonies was once a morally legitimate way to escape draconian colonial barriers to basic rights.

As India has continued to inherit these institutions it would be hard to just reform it, it would have to completely replace it with digitization and stripping laws of unnecessary complexities.

At least the center had made great progress wiping out entire sections of colonial era laws.




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