The book in the course [1], specially ch. 4, I think, provides some analytical category-theoretical tools to model feasibility/performance in that kind of situation. In [2] the same technique (enriched profunctors) applies for critical path analysis in project management PERT diagrams. Looks to me (having just skimmed the Uber post) a very similar dependency structure.
[1] https://math.mit.edu/~dspivak/teaching/sp18/
[2] https://golem.ph.utexas.edu/category/2013/03/project_plannin...