Most of the problems you've listed become easy the more familiar you are with data structures. This is a more common problem for anyone outside the SV/SF bubble and I wouldn't worry. Just start doing homework and you'll be fine.
Once you're done with data structures, I would start checking out design patterns: http://shop.oreilly.com/product/9780596007126.do
Hope it helps
Most of the problems you've listed become easy the more familiar you are with data structures. This is a more common problem for anyone outside the SV/SF bubble and I wouldn't worry. Just start doing homework and you'll be fine.
Once you're done with data structures, I would start checking out design patterns: http://shop.oreilly.com/product/9780596007126.do
Hope it helps