Clojure [1] seems to meet all of these criteria. It's a functional language where you can get away with using only a few data types, while also supporting (most of) the rest of the things you mention.
I like the idea, but I want it to be embeddable and since I'll mostly be embedding this in some syntactically C-like language, I would like the scripting syntax to not look so out of place. I updated my previous post to say as much.
[1] https://clojure.org/