The Soviet officers we know about did not refuse to follow orders to launch nukes. Arkhipov was following a protocol that was in place precisely to prevent a single person from authorizing the use of nuclear weapons. We do know about several incidents in the US in which responders had to deal with a false alarm:
There was one story that came out recently about an incident at US's nuclear base in Okinawa but that account is now being challenged by several former officers:
