I am going to guess that Go compiles at least 10 times faster than Turbo Pascal. From the numbers you gave, I think at least a factor of ten is left even after you account for the difference in hardware speeds.
So you are stating that Go will compile 10x faster than Turbo Pascal on a 8086 with 640 KB?!
My point is that Go's compilation speed isn't nothing extraordinary, I can keep giving examples of other compiled languages that had equally fast compilers in the the mid-90's.
Oberon, Go's grand daddy could bootstrap itself and build a full working graphical workstation OS in less than one minute if I remember correctly.
Besides I am comparing an 8086 with 640 KB against a i7 with 16 GB and three level caches.
Go being fast isn't that much of an achievement in 2016.
If Go compiles faster than Turbo Pascal with an 8086 CPU and 640 KB RAM, that is an achievement.