Funny you should mention that - the Canadians used a battle rifle in both World Wars that effectively had just such a defect - the "Ross Rifle".
From Wikipedia:
> The bolt could also be disassembled for routine cleaning and inadvertently reassembled in a manner that would fail to lock but still allow a round to be fired, leading to serious injury or death of the operator as the bolt flew back into his face
From Wikipedia:
> The bolt could also be disassembled for routine cleaning and inadvertently reassembled in a manner that would fail to lock but still allow a round to be fired, leading to serious injury or death of the operator as the bolt flew back into his face
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ross_rifle